The period consolidated functional localization of movement control in the cortex, with early mapping of the primary motor and premotor regions and renewed attention to cerebellar organization and its efferent pathways. An information-theoretic perspective began to quantify how movement commands are encoded and transmitted, linking signal processing concepts to motor performance. Researchers adopted cross-sectional electromyography (EMG) and multi-electrode approaches to define motor unit territories and recruitment patterns across muscles, advancing quantitative motor physiology.